Kontroversi Pernikahan Muslim Terhadap Perempuan Ahl-Kitab Perspektif Maslahat

Prodi Hukum Keluarga Islam

Program Pascasarjana Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Ambon

henanmusanif@gmail.com

         Setelah ditinjau berdasarkan hukum Islam, mayoritas ulama sepakat pelarangan pernikahan beda agama antara muslim terhadap wanita musyrik dan kebolehan menikahi wanita ahl-kitab. Adapun konsep maslaḥat setelah diteliti, termasuk kategori maṣlaḥat al-khams. Karena menyangkut kebutuhan (hajjiyyat) yang bersifat relatif (zhanni) sesuai kehendak ‘syara'. Dilihat dari segi keberadaan pokok kajian ini masuk dalam kategori maslahat mursalah sebagaimana mazhab Syafi’i dan mazhab Hambali mengkhususkan pernikahan muslim dengan wanita ahl-Kitab hanya ditujukan pada keturunan bangsa Yahudi dan Nasrani sejak saat itu, bukan komunitas penganut yang baru. Hal ini sejalan dengan metode maṣlaḥat mursalah. Adapun mazhab Hanafi dan mazhab Maliki membatasi pernikahan dengan ahl-Kitab yang berada di wilayah dzimmi, apabila berada di wilayah harbi maka hukumnya makruh karena dikhawatirkan akan timbul fitnah.

Kata Kunci: Pernikahan beda agama, maṣlaḥat mursalah, ahl-kitāb

          At the end of being reviewed based on Islamic Law, the majority of scholars agree on the prohibitions of interfaith marriages between Muslims against polytheist women as well as the permissibility of marriages of ahl-kitab. The concept of mashlahat following being researched belongs to the category of mashlahat al-khams. seeing as it involves needs (hajjiyyat) that are relative (zhanni) according to the will of syara. Viewed from the point of view of the existence of the subject of this study, it is included in the category of murshalah maslahat even as the Mazhab Syafi'i and Hambali specialize in Moslem marriages with ahl-Kitab only for the descendants of the Jews and Christians since age-old, not a new community of adherents. This is in line with the mashlahat mursalah methods. As for the mazhab Hanafi and Maliki, they limit marriages to people of the ahl-Kitab who are in the territory of the dhimmi, if they are in the Harbi area, the law is makruh since it is feared that there will be slander.

Keywords: Marriage interfaith, maslahat mursalah, ahl-Kitāb.